The Grotto of the Nativity in Bethlehem

The Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem is one of the oldest in Christendom, having been founded by Constantine the Great in 327 AD, and restored by Justinian in the mid-sixth century. Its focus is the Greek Orthodox Chapel of the Grotto, under the altar of the basilica, and purportedly the place where Jesus was born. This site is a famous historic landmark and a UNESCO world heritage site.

The Sacred Grotto and the Altar of the Nativity

Entrance to the Grotto is often adorned with brocaded cloth for Christmas. Above the door is an ancient silver plated Greek icon of the Virgin and Son. The Altar of the Nativity itself is festooned with different color brocaded cloth, and Jesus was purportedly born on the ground in the shadows underneath this altar.

A silver star marks the traditional site of the birth of Jesus in a grotto underneath Bethlehem's Church of the Nativity. The spot where Jesus was said to have been born is now adorned with a sixteen point star, with a small hole so pilgrims may touch the spot on the actual floor of the cave.

The Manger

The Manger is the little trough where Jesus is said to have been laid after birth, and where the shepherds and Magi visited the newborn Savior. This area represents a central part of the biblical stories and the New Testament tradition.

Art and Archaeological Fragments

The church contains a damaged fragment of the original fourth century mosaic over the site of the Nativity. The torso and legs of one of the Magi in a red robe can be seen on the right, with a fragment of a Latin inscriptions: “ad hominibus bo”, which translates to “[peace] to men of go[od will]”. This mosaic is usually covered by an icon of the Nativity.

Historical Timeline and Specifications

  • 160 AD: Location of Jesus birth first mentioned in writings.
  • 326-327 AD: Church built by Constantine the Great.
  • 6th Century: Restored by Justinian; architectural features include arched doorways and stone walls.
  • Traditional Markings: A sixteen point silver star allows believers to touch the spot of the birth.

Site Architecture

The interior of the basilica features ancient craftsmanship, icons, and incense, reflecting the cultural and religious heritage of the Middle East. The exit of the Grotto leads pilgrims through historical arches and steps, maintaining the reverence of this sacred destination.